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RGB vs HEX

RGB stands for Red - Green - Blue.
Any of the Red-Green-Blue value is only between 0 - 255: 0 for the lowest content of that color, 255 for the highest content of the same color.
The format of an RGB color is: (I give you a random color) 128-34-246 (I don't know what color is this, but you can find it with the Color picker tool).
RGB can be from 0-0-0 (black) to 255-255-255 (white).

HEX is the same with RGB (red-green-blue), but in different format: each tent is 2 digits: 00, 2A, FF, etc.
HEX values are between 0 - 9 and A - F: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
So we increase the color from 00 (black) to FF (white) like: 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, 0E, 0F, and we start again with 1: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 1A ... 1F, and then 20, 21, 22 ... 2F and so on. And we finish with F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, FA, FB, FC, FD, FE, FF.
The format of an HEX color is: (for example) 8022F6 (this is the equivalent of the above RGB color, 128-34-246, but don't tell anyone). 80 stands for the Red value (equiv. 128 RGB), 22 for the Green value (34 RGB) and F6 for the Blue value (246 RGB).

How did I find the equivalence? Read further.

Converting RGB to HEX

Mind that HEX is 16 characters wide, and 16x16=256 (RGB, isn't it? - Attention! from 0 to 255 are 256 units, not 255; from 1 to 255 are 255 units - trust me, I know what I'm doing).

So the colors convert from RGB to HEX by 16. Thus, every 16 RGB makes a 10 HEX. 32 RGB = 20 HEX. 48 RGB = 30 HEX. And so on. Mind that the first integer is for the exact result, and the second is for the remaining.

Exercise: For example, if we want to know what HEX value is 128 RGB, we divide 128 by 16 and we find 8. So 16 is 8 times within 200; a 16 RGB is 10 HEX; by 8 it equals 80: so 128 RGB = 80 HEX.

Exercise: Now let's try to calculate another HEX value from an RGB one.
I take for instance the random value of 200 RGB.
First, we divide 200 by 16, and we find 12.5. More exactly, the result is 12 and remain 8.
Because 16 is 12 times within 200, the first HEX value will be C.
Now we have a remain of 8, which is the same on HEX, 8, so the second value will be 8.
So, finally, the 200 RGB will be C8 HEX.
If you don't believe it, try for yourself with the HEX-RGB converter tool.

For your comfort, I built the following Conversion chart.

Conversion chart

CONVERSION CHART
0 - 15 RGB    ::    0 HEX
RGB	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
HEX	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
16 - 31 RGB    ::    1 HEX
RGB	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
HEX	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	1A	1B	1C	1D	1E	1F
32 - 47 RGB    ::    2 HEX
RGB	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47
HEX	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	2A	2B	2C	2D	2E	2F
48 - 63 RGB    ::    3 HEX
RGB	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59	60	61	62	63
HEX	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	3A	3B	3C	3D	3E	3F
64 - 79 RGB    ::    4 HEX
RGB	64	65	66	67	68	69	70	71	72	73	74	75	76	77	78	79
HEX	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	4A	4B	4C	4D	4E	4F
80 - 95 RGB    ::    5 HEX
RGB	80	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88	89	90	91	92	93	94	95
HEX	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59	5A	5B	5C	5D	5E	5F
96 - 111 RGB    ::    6 HEX
RGB	96	97	98	99	100	101	102	103	104	105	106	107	108	109	110	111
HEX	60	61	62	63	64	65	66	67	68	69	6A	6B	6C	6D	6E	6F
112 - 127 RGB    ::    7 HEX
RGB	112	113	114	115	116	117	118	119	120	121	122	123	124	125	126	127
HEX	70	71	72	73	74	75	76	77	78	79	7A	7B	7C	7D	7E	7F
128 - 143 RGB    ::    8 HEX
RGB	128	129	130	131	132	133	134	135	136	137	138	139	140	141	142	143
HEX	80	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88	89	8A	8B	8C	8D	8E	8F
144 - 159 RGB    ::    9 HEX
RGB	144	145	146	147	148	149	150	151	152	153	154	155	156	157	158	159
HEX	90	91	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99	9A	9B	9C	9D	9E	9F
160 - 175 RGB    ::    A HEX
RGB	160	161	162	163	164	165	166	167	168	169	170	171	172	173	174	175
HEX	A0	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A7	A8	A9	AA	AB	AC	AD	AE	AF
176 - 191 RGB    ::    B HEX
RGB	176	177	178	179	180	181	182	183	184	185	186	187	188	189	190	191
HEX	B0	B1	B2	B3	B4	B5	B6	B7	B8	B9	BA	BB	BC	BD	BE	BF
192 - 207 RGB    ::    C HEX
RGB	192	193	194	195	196	197	198	199	200	201	202	203	204	205	206	207
HEX	C0	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8	C9	CA	CB	CC	CD	CE	CF
208 - 223 RGB    ::    D HEX
RGB	208	209	210	211	212	213	214	215	216	217	218	219	220	221	222	223
HEX	D0	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	DA	DB	DC	DD	DE	DF
224 - 239 RGB    ::    E HEX
RGB	224	225	226	227	228	229	230	231	232	233	234	235	236	237	238	239
HEX	E0	E1	E2	E3	E4	E5	E6	E7	E8	E9	EA	EB	EC	ED	EE	EF
240 - 255 RGB    ::    F HEX
RGB	240	241	242	243	244	245	246	247	248	249	250	251	252	253	254	255
HEX	F0	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F6	F7	F8	F9	FA	FB	FC	FD	FE	FF